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آسه آن به علاوه سه
The ASEAN states' strategy toward China has involved institutional en- gagement through forums such as the ARF, processes such as the ASEAN Plus Three (China, Japan, and South Korea) grouping, and the Chiang Mai initiative.
• The expansion of the East Asia Summit beyond the ASEAN Plus Three to include India, New Zealand, and Australia- despite China's opposition.21
Similarly, the formation of ASEAN Plus Three (APT), involving ASEAN states and China, Japan, and South Korea, in December 1997 was a response to the Asian financial crisis, and it was subsequently institutionalized in 1999.
In 2011, for instance, it dropped its resistance to extending APT to East Asia Summit countries such as the
For example, it actively promoted the ASEAN Plus Three after the 1997 financial crisis.
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